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Lesson 8  Unfolding Eschatology
第八课  末世的呈现
[eschatology = the study of last things/end times]
[末世论 = 对最后的事物/末后时代的研究]

Mosaic Eschatology 摩西末世论

Covenant Cycles 约的循环

Judgment 审判

War 战争
Nature 大自然

Blessing 祝福

War 战争
Nature 大自然

Covenant Culmination  约的高峰

Judgment: exile 审判：被掳

Response: repentance and forgiveness 回应：悔改和赦免

Blessing: restoration in the latter days 祝福：末日的复兴

latter days in the OT: Is. 2:2; Mi. 4:1; Ho. 3:5
旧约中的末日：以塞亚书2:2；弥迦书4:1；何西阿书3:5
latter days in the NT: Ac. 2:17; Hb. 1:2; Ja. 5:3
新约中的末日：使徒行传2:17；希伯来书1:2；雅各书5:3

Early Prophetic Eschatology 早期先知末世论

Similarities to Moses 与摩西末世论的相似之处

Judgment: exile 审判：被掳

Response: repentance and forgiveness 回应：悔改和赦免

Blessing: restoration in the latter days 祝福：末日的复兴

Additions to Moses 在摩西末世论上的加添

Kingship 王权

judgment: throne deserted 审判：王权的废弃
blessing: glorious throne 祝福：王位的荣耀

Temple圣殿

judgment: temple destroyed 审判：圣殿的被毁
blessing: glorious temple 祝福：圣殿的荣耀

Gentiles外邦

day of the Lord 耶和华的日子
defeat of God’s enemies 击败神的敌人
blessing of Israel 以色列的祝福
ingrafting into Israel 进入以色列

Later Prophetic Eschatology 晚期先知末世论

Jeremiah’s Expectation 耶利米的期望

Agreed with Moses and early prophets 认可摩西和早期先知

Exile will be 70 years 将被掳70年

Daniel’s Insight 但以理的看法

Little repentance after exile of 70 years 被掳70年后没有悔改

Exile extended to 490 years 被掳延长到490年

Final Outlooks 最终观点

Initial hopes 原有盼望

539-515 B.C. 公元前539-公元前515年
groups of returnees 回归的人群
hopes 希望

throne restored 王位的复兴
victory in war 战争的胜利
temple restored 圣殿的重建
nature renewed 大自然的更新

Final hopes 最终盼望

450 B.C. 公元前450年
intermarriage 通婚
widespread apostasy 广泛性的悖逆
hope of future blessing 将来祝福的盼望

New Testament Eschatology 新约末世论

Terminology 术语

Gospel 福音

Kingdom 天国

Latter days 末日

Structure 结构

John the Baptist 施洗约翰

immediate blessings 立刻的祝福
immediate judgment 立刻的审判

Jesus 耶稣

Inauguration 启奠
Continuation 延续
Consummation 成就

Themes 主题

Exile 被掳

inauguration: warns against turning from Messiah
启奠：警告不要背离弥赛亚
continuation: church discipline
延续：教会的纪律
consummation: God’s wrath against apostasy
成就：神对背叛者的愤怒

Restoration 复兴

inauguration: Jesus is king, Jesus is temple, Jesus began victory, Jesus sent Holy * as downpayment of inheritance, Jesus performed miracles as restoration of nature
启奠：耶稣是王，耶稣是神的殿，耶稣开始了胜利的过程，耶稣差遣圣灵来作继承的首期款，耶稣施行了神迹作为大自然的复兴
continuation: inaugurated blessings continue
延续：已启奠的祝福的延续
consummation: inaugurated/continued blessings ultimately fulfilled
成就：已启奠的/延续的祝福完全地成就
Lesson 8  Teacher’s Guide第八课  教师手册

O**ective:  This lesson gives an overview of the ways in which eschatology developed in the Old Testament and into the New Testament.
目标：这节课给出了有关末世论在旧约中形成并进入新约的一个概要。

Main Ideas: 主要思想：

The eschatology of the Bible (it’s view of history as culminating in Christ’s second coming) developed from Moses’ basic covenant pattern of exile and return from exile.
圣经的末世论（从历史上来看，在基督的第二次再来时达到*）的形成，来自于摩西的被掳和从被掳中回归这一约的基本模式。
Moses’ basic covenant pattern (exile and restoration) was endorsed by the early prophets.  The later prophets, however, elaborated on this pattern in that they saw a delay of the latter days until an extended exile was complete for some 490 years.
摩西的约的基本模式（被掳和复兴）被早期先知所支持，然而，后来的先知详尽阐述了这个模式，他们在其中看到了末世的延迟，直到延长至490年的被掳完成。
The New Testament  affirmed that Jesus was the fulfillment of the latter days hope of restoration and salvation for God’s people.  Yet, the New Testament also teaches that Christ fulfills these hopes in three stages:  the inauguration, continuation, and consummation of the kingdom.
新约肯定，耶稣是神子民复兴和救赎盼望的实现，但是新约也教导我们，基督以三个阶段成就这些盼望：天国的启奠，延续，和成就。

Suggested Lesson Plan: 建议的教学计划：

Review previous lessons. 复习前面的课程。
Display (on a board or overhead) and explain the main ways in which eschatology developed from Moses, to early prophets, to later prophets, to the New Testament.
显示（在黑板或投影片上）并解释末世论形成的主线，从摩西到早期先知，后期先知直到新约
Play video of Lesson 8 as participants take notes on outlines.
播放第八课的录像,  让听课人记下要点
Discuss the main ideas of the video. 讨论录像的主要思想。

Discussion Items: 讨论题目:

Make a chart explaining how Moses, early prophets, later prophets and New Testament writers all believed that the world would come to the latter (final) days, but that their concept of this developed as God’s people reacted to the prophetic word.
做一张图表解释摩西，早期先知，后期先知和新约作者都是如何相信世界会有末(终)日，但是他们的这种观念因神子民对先知预言的回应而发展。

Focus especially on the way Daniel 9 explained the fulfillment of Jeremiah’s 70 years of exile.
特别注意但以理书第9章解释耶利米的被掳70 年预言的应验。
Explain how the New Testament says that Christ’s kingdom (the latter days) comes in three stages of inauguration, continuation, and consummation.
解释新约是怎样认为基督天国（末日）以三个阶段的方式来临，启奠，延续，和成就。
Choose four themes which appear in the Old Testament vision of the latter days (e.g. war, prosperity, peace, etc.) and show how the New Testament applies these themes to the inauguration, continuation, and consummation of the kingdom of Christ.  Explain how this helps us understand how to use the prophets today during the continuation of the kingdom.
选出四个出现在旧约中有关末日异象的题材（例如：战争，繁荣，和平等等），并且说明新约是怎样把这些题材应用到基督天国的启奠，延续，和成就。阐述这些是怎样帮助我们明白在今天的天国延续期间如何应用先知预言

Lesson 7  The Purpose of Predictions
预言的目的

Divine Sovereignty 神的主权

God’s Immutability 神的不变性

Character/attributes 特性/属性

Covenant promises 恩约应许

Eternal counsel 永恒计划

God’s providence/involvement in history 神在历史上的看顾/介入

Necessary events必然事件

Free events自由事件

Contingent events偶然事件

Predictions and Contingencies 预言和偶发性

General Patterns of Historical Contingencies (Jer. 18:1-10)
历史偶发性的一般模式（耶利米书18:1-10）
Specific Examples of Historical Contingencies历史偶发性的的具体例子
Shemaiah (2 Chr. 12)示玛雅（历代志下第十二章）

Jonah (Jon. 3)约拿（约拿书第三章）

Certainty of Predictions 预言的确切性

Explicitly Conditional 明确地有条件的

Unqualified非限定的

Confirmed证实

Signs兆头

Words话

Sworn Predictions 发誓的预言

When = contingent 何时 = 偶然

Who = contingent 谁 = 偶然

By what means = contingent 有什么意义= 偶然

To what degree = contingent 到什么程度= 偶然

Goals of Predictions 预言的目的

Popular Perspectives 流行看法

Prognostication 预测未来

Test for a true prophet 真先知的测试

Correct Perspectives 正确看法

“Who Knows?” reaction“谁知道？”的回应

Twofold reaction 两重相连的回应

rebellion/sin 背逆/罪
repentance 悔改

Lesson 7  Teacher’s Guide第七课  教师手册

O**ective:  This lesson explains how prophetic predictions were primarily designed to motivate Israel to trust and obey the Lord in order to receive his blessings.
目标：这节课解释了先知预言是怎样的被用于激励将以色列人信靠和顺服神以承受神的祝福。

Main Ideas: 主要思想：

God is absolutely sovereign over all events.  Yet, he has ordained human choice as a powerful secondary cause by which he carries out his plan.  For this reason, God’s plan is perfectly carried out necessarily, freely, and contingently.
神在所有的事件中是拥有绝对主权的，然而祂规定了人的选择作为祂执行祂计划的有力的第二因素。因此，上帝的计划必被必然地，自由地，并且偶发地完美执行。
Prophets predict the future in ways which indicate that God had varying degrees of determination to carry through with a prediction.  Human reaction to the prophetic word always had the potential for influencing the way a prediction is carried out. 
先知预言未来的方式表明上帝有不同程度的决心来执行预言，人对预言的回应总是对预言执行的方式具有潜在的影响力。
The role of human reactions (intervening historical contingencies) points out that the main purpose behind predictions was not prognostication but activation.
人回应(干预性历史偶发)的角色指出，在预言之后的主要目的不是预测未来，而是激励。

Suggested Lesson Plan: 建议的教学计划：

Review previous lessons. 复习前面的课程。
Display (on a board or overhead) and explain the main ideas of the lesson.
显示（在黑板或投影片上）并解释这整节课的主要思想。
Play the entire video of lesson 7 as participants take notes on outlines.
播放第七课的录像,  让听课人记下要点
Discuss the main ideas of the video. 讨论录像的主要思想。

Discussion Items: 讨论题目:

Discuss how God can be sovereign over all and still have a vital place for human choice in his plan. Both of these biblical truths are essential for a proper understanding of how predictions work in the prophets.
讨论上帝是怎样在祂计划中的所有方面是拥有绝对主权的，并且仍然为人的选择留有一个充分的空间。 这两条是正确理解先知书中的预言是怎样运作的基要真理。

Focus much attention on Jeremiah 18.  Explain how this passage indicates that God is free to react to human reactions to prophetic predictions. 
特别注意耶利米书第18章，解释这段经文是怎样表明神是有自由来回应人对先知预言的反应。

Touch on the example of Jonah.  How important was the reaction of Nineveh to the fulfillment of prophecy.
透过约拿的例子，尼尼微的回应对预言的应验有何重要性？

Explain the three-dimensional graph of the types of prophetic predictions.  Make sure everyone knows one example of each.
解释先知预言类型的三维图示，确保使每个人对每种类型都知道一个例子。

Explain how the prophets revealed different levels of divine determination to carry through with a prediction. Give an example of each type.  In what ways are predictions confirmed by oaths still su**ect to the influence of human reactions?
解释先知是怎样表明了神在执行某一预言时具有的不同程度的决心？每种类型给出一个例子，由誓言证实的预言以什么方式仍然受人的反应的影响?